Diversity programs are discriminatory programs that are purported to increase the performance of companies that implement them. The reasons stated tend to be dishonest.

I already know that either a) diversity programs do not actually increase performance of companies or b) they do increase performance of companies, but not for the reasons stated.

Two reasons I can think of that discrimination against males (and for females) may work to a company's advantage:

1) Discrimination against males may be an effective way to keep them in line because then they fear for their jobs and are more likely to be obedient.

2) Companies save money by hiring more women, because women are more likely to leave for several years to raise children, which significantly decreases how much they will earn in a lifetime, if they return at all. On the other hand, men will tend to stick around, receiving raises each year as well as a pension. The more turnover, the easier it is for a company to replace the weakest links. Again, workers then fear for their jobs and are more likely to be obedient.

Does anyone have links to articles/research on the real reasons discrimination/diversity programs work or do not work, or the negative effects of such programs?