Implicit individual differences: relationships between implicit self‐esteem, gender identity, and gender attitudes

lightning_palm · 2022-09-23T03:23:38+00:00

The study examined whether the magnitude of same‐sex‐favouring implicit gender bias depends on individual differences in self‐esteem and gender identity as theorized by Greenwald et al. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to measure implicit self‐esteem, gender identity, and gender attitudes. Explicit self‐esteem and gender identity were measured with questionnaires. The IAT revealed a strong automatic preference for female words in 34 female undergraduates but, surprisingly, no significant gender bias in 32 males. Individual levels of this gender bias were predicted in both sexes by IAT‐derived implicit measures of self‐esteem and gender identity, as well as by their interaction. Neither declared gender identity nor explicit self‐esteem added to the prediction. The results are discussed in terms of balanced identity design and the potential influence of method effects on the findings.

Self-esteem: Both male and female participants responded significantly faster to me–pleasant than not me–pleasant category pairs, with no observed gender differences. Effect sizes were large for both males and females. Men scored significantly higher on the Self-Liking component of the self-reported (explicit) Self-Liking/Self Competence Scale.

Gender identity: Females/males responded significantly faster to own gender–me category pairs, with feminine automatic preferences in females being much stronger (average latency difference 244 ms) than masculine preferences in males (110 ms). Standard deviations also indicate that females are more similar (homogenous) to one another in gender identity than males. Males on the other hand did not show such a consistent gender bias. Effect-sizes were large for females and smaller for males. Self-ratings of masculinity and femininity confirmed these patterns.

Gender attitudes: Female participants responded a lot faster to female–pleasant than to male–pleasant category pairs (male: 976.26 ms vs female: 650.98 ms), while males showed only a small difference (male: 920.68 ms vs female: 748.99 ms). Both male and female participants responded significantly faster to female–pleasant than to male–pleasant category pairs, as a repeated measures ANOVA revealed. While there was an overall pro-female bias even among male participants, male participants with strong masculine identity did demonstrate a stronger degree of male-favoring bias, while those with weak masculine identity showed substantially reduced male-favoring bias, to the point of reversing it into female-favoring.

Title	Implicit individual differences: relationships between implicit self‐esteem, gender identity, and gender attitudes
Author	lightning_palm
Upvotes	7
Comments	1
Date	September 23, 2022 2:55 AM UTC (3 years ago)
Subreddit	Posted in /r/Male_Studies
Original Link	https://old.reddit.com/r/Male_Studies/comments/xllim3/implicit_individual_differences_relationships/
Archive Link	https://theredarchive.com/r/Male_Studies/implicit-individual-differences-relationships.1215749 https://theredarchive.com/post/1215749

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