Discrimination against men based on gender has been observed in various sectors, such as health and education, where stereotypes label men as dangerous to women and children. In the legal system, men often face higher incarceration rates and longer sentences compared to women for similar crimes, though research on sexism against men is limited and less discussed due to cultural biases.

In the workforce, there’s limited research on discrimination against men. The 2015 European Working Conditions Survey indicated that 1% of men and 3.1% of women perceived discrimination. Men often face hiring bias in female-dominated fields, and studies show that discrimination against men in such workplaces can be more prevalent than that against women in male-dominated fields. The idea of discrimination against men was historically dismissed, but legal advances, like those driven by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, have recognized sex stereotyping as sex-based discrimination.

Research in 2006 found that male candidates were discriminated against in feminine roles, with similar concerns in mixed occupations. In France, men face societal pressure for long work hours and higher accident rates, deemed reverse sexism.

A 2019 study examining 134 countries claimed men faced more disadvantages in 91 of those countries, citing issues like harsher punishments, overrepresentation in homeless and prison populations, and higher suicide and occupational death rates.

Men also endure condemnation for interest in traditionally feminine jobs, which is often unrecognized due to gender attitudes. A 2023 meta-study indicated that selection bias against male candidates in female-typed jobs has remained stable over decades, countering predictions of increased bias against women.

In healthcare, male nurses face discrimination, including rejection from patients and limited support in career advancement, alongside negative experiences and accusations.

Historically, men received more education than women, but recently, women have outnumbered men in tertiary education in many countries.

A study of children born in the 1980s in the U.S. found that boys with behavioral problems were less likely to finish high school and university than girls with similar issues. The researcher, Owens, attributes this to negative stereotypes about boys, possibly contributing to the education gender gap. Additionally, people are less likely to help boys with academic struggles compared to girls.

Research shows grading bias against boys, where girls receive higher marks for the same ability. This has been observed in various countries, including Israel, Sweden, and Italy. Teachers tend to perceive girls as more persistent and competent, while seeing boys as more distracted and emotionally unstable.

Boys face harsher disciplinary actions in schools, resulting in higher rates of suspension and expulsion compared to girls for similar behaviors.

Many universities offer scholarships exclusively for women, which some argue are discriminatory against men. A study found that 84% of U.S. universities offered women-only scholarships, with many considered discriminatory. Advocates for change suggest these should become gender-neutral due to the shifting educational performance landscape.