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If you have not seen the previous part see here

Now i know there are different definition and it is perfectly possible to miss one definition or being attacked for because i did not used an exhaustive list of the definition. So i will use another definition from another source : Wikipedia. Here was the definition of patriachy according to the Cambridge dictionnary but now i will tackle the wipipedia definition. Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property

  1. The difference between equal opportunities and equal outcome have been tackled previouly. I won’t explain again.

  2. Secondly, Political leadership has been tackled.

  3. Lets tackle the control of property. First, men and women have the same legal rights including the right of properties. Now we will focus on the total capital that women have in USA. (It would be longuer if i had to do it in all

the western countrie) Lets take the exemple of firm owning. Women owned firms represent a total 42% of the total of the firms in USA (in number). 7% of the business are equally owned by women and men and 51% of the business are owned by men. It can’t be argue that women are deterred from starting or owning a business. The revenue is due to the timing (when the business is started, what are the concurrent companies, etc), the field and size

of the companies. https://about.americanexpress.com/files/doc_library/file/2019-state-of-women-owned-businesses-report.pdf

So it could be argue that women do own less money which is true. But what is more important ? earning money or the ability to spend it on what you want? If you earn money and can’t do anything about it, you are basicaly a slave. Here is the point.

Women control more weath than men on average althought they are fewer than men in the work force and earn less (due to CHOICES).

1)Wealth holding vs wealth control Women compose 46.8% of the total workforce and earn on average less (but not for equal work) see first link with the glassdoor study.

women in the workforce before during-and after the great recession

By 2014, the number of women in the labor force had increased to 73.5 million, comprising 46.8 percent of the overall labour force

https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2017/women-in-the-workforce-before-during-and-after-the-great-recession/pdf/women-in-the-workforce-before-during-and-after-the-great-recession.pdf

(I have not had access to 2015 figures and the following rate of employement was each five years so i used the closest : 2015). But control about 51% of US personnal wealth in 2014

Financial concerns of women

Women also own 30% of all private businesses in the United States, employing over 7.8 million Americans, and control 51% ($14 trillion) of U.S. personal wealth. The wealth that women control is expected to grow to $22 trillion by 2020 https://www.bmo.com/privatebank/pdf/Q1-2015-Wealth-Institute-Report-Financial-Concerns-of-Women.pdf

It means that 14 trillion are controled by women and anround 13.45 by men. But women are 46.8% of the total workforce and earn on AVERAGE 27% less than men. Meaning that they earn on AVERAGE less but control more wealth.

(Total capital 14 + 13.45 = 27,45 trillion in 2014) If men and women earnt the same money men "should" controle 53.2% of the total wealth. But women earn about 80% in AVERAGE what men do.

https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/womens-earnings/2015/home.htm So if women as a whole controled only their own wealth it would mean 46.8%×80%=37.44% 10.48 trillion.

It make a wealth control gap of

G= 51% -37.44 =13.56 %.

So women AS A WHOLE control 13.56% more wealth than they "would" if they controled only THEIR personal wealth.

As everything, here i used means so it has to be taken with cautions.

2)Now let’s tackle the morale authority Lets break drown and define the term : • Moral : standards for good or bad character and behaviour. • Authority : The power to control or demand obedience from others

The ability to influence other people and make them respect you, especially because you are confident or have a lot of knowledge (not the point here because it is about the abilities)

The moral or legal right or ability to control (We can’t take the legal right because women have at least the same right than men, nor the abilities, linked to statut, wealth, etc which are as acessible for women as for men as presented ealier).

Then we can take the moral right to control other.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/moral https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/authority To make it simple, it is the men who decides the rules by which the society runs, tell what is bad and what is good etc.

Firs of all women are as likely to enforce the social norm among same sex group. So the men do not hold the primary social punishement power. They equaly enforce norms than women in mixed group, not more.

Men among men do not take norm enforcement seriously

men acting among other men are less inclined to uphold a cooperation norm than are women, or men in gender-mixed groups.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2011.04.001

Secondly, we can’t say that nowadays, men are the one who fix the rules. If they were the sole person to make the rules they would be expected to play by it. It is a joint set up and enforcecement of the values. Moreover, religion does fix morales rules but anyone can choose his cult or deciding to enter/leave it. So it is a personal choice and can’t be seen as something that has been forced upon people at least in western countries.

However it can be argue that the men who are promoted for their behavior are the one who display the toxic masculinity. However the same behavior is not named the same way when a « strong and independant woman » does it and is also rewarded for it. It means that the behavior itself is not toxic by itself OR it means that there is a double standard on this.

And finaly let tackle the social privilege of men. A point i could not tackle is the social privilege because i cant see MALE privilege backed up with stats please help…

The last point is the définition of patriarchy and power

Patriarchy :

a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family, or a society controlled by men in which they use their power to their own advantage In patriarchy the power benefit men as a class. But it is not the case, usually (formal) power benefit women and toxic masculinity is the usualy maculine traits that are not anymore adapted in a confortable society but were needed in hostile or harsh environnement.

And power is defined as :

ability to control people and events So if somebidy manipulate you to do something althougtyou are stronger (formal power) you are not the most powerfull of the two because you are controled.

Who benefit from the formal power (politic, wealth,etc) ?

Attention and care gap.

Here are the issues affecting both gender not realy seen the same way of it is about women or men

Partner violence (see « Partner Abuse state of the knowledge) Rape See page 22 > Seven in ten people experiencing homelessness as individuals identified as men (262,025 men). The remaining 30 percent identified as women (just over 28% or 106,871 women), transgender, or gender non-conforming.

Unsheltered and sheltered homeless

Sentence and punishement Women have in average shorter sentences for the same record, crime and circumstances.

Disparities in Federal Criminal Cases Estimating Gender Disparities in Federal Criminal Cases

This paper assesses gender disparities in federal criminal cases. It finds large gender gaps favoring women throughout the sentence length distribution (averaging over 60%), conditional on arrest offense, criminal history, and other pre-charge observables. Female arrestees are also significantly likelier to avoid charges and convictions entirely, and twice as likely to avoid incarceration if convicted. Prior studies have reported much smaller sentence gaps because they have ignored the role of charging, plea-bargaining, and sentencing fact-finding in producing sentences. Most studies control for endogenous severity measures that result from these earlier discretionary processes and use samples that have been winnowed by them. I avoid these problems by using a linked dataset tracing cases from arrest through sentencing. Using decomposition methods, I show that most sentence disparity arises from decisions at the earlier stages, and use the rich data to investigate causal theories for these gender gaps.

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2144002 It does mean less punishement for the same behavior. This difference is even greather than the racial bias.

Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Sentences

Using rich data linking federal cases from arrest through to sentencing, we find that initial case and defendant characteristics, including arrest offense and criminal history, can explain most of the large raw racial disparity in federal sentences, but significant gaps remain. Across the distribution, blacks receive sentences that are almost 10 percent longer than those of comparable whites arrested for the same crimes. Most of this disparity canbe explained by prosecutors ’initial charging decisions, particularly the filing of charges carrying mandatory minimum sentences. Ceteris paribus, the odds of black arrestees facing such a charge are 1.75 times higher than those of white arrestees.

https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles/1414

For a more comprehensive list see Gamma bias Despise those facts, more ressources and attention are allocated to women. It does mean that they are seen as more valuable.

Women benefit more external ressources (policies and wealth control), attention than men.

In a way they do not own the power but benefit and use it by proxy.

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ PS : I could not find any recent meta analysis linking the Trend creation by mass media and women. I could not find neither meta analysis for spending power (only studies) so if i am wrong feel free to show me better sources like meta analysis etc.

Sorry for the last part i have been lazy, i have no budget assessement nor sources on the issues i mentionned or quantitative mesure of the media coverage.

If you have additional sources, feel free to comment and i will mention you if you want (just say i don’t want to be mentionned if you don’t want to).

I could not find meta analysis on the gender norm enforcement

if you have anything on Mass Media effect (the best is meta anlysis) feel free to share a links so i can complete the post with a mention of your contribution if you want.

PSS : If you see a source is missing please let me know