Is there a problem with this new moderator genobeam?

DavidByron2 · 2021-06-19T18:16:10+00:00

I don't know this guy but he seems pretty trigger happy. Ironically he also seems to have it in for right leaning American posters (I guess he suffers...

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I didn't say "all" I said most. Andrew Johnson's reconstruction policies led to the repossession of most of the land confiscated during wartime. When you say a "massive amount of land was transferred" I assume you're primarily talking about the sea islands specified by General Sherman's special Field Order 15. This land was restored to its former owners by Johnson.From wikipedia:

After Lincoln's assassination, Andrew Johnson became president. On May 29, 1865, Johnson issued an amnesty proclamation to ordinary Southern citizens who swore loyalty oaths, promising not only political immunity but also return of confiscated property. (Johnson's proclamation excluded Confederate politicians, military officers, and landowners with property worth more than $20,000.) General O. O. Howard, chief of the Freedmen's Bureau, requested an interpretation from Attorney General James Speed regarding how this proclamation would affect the Freedmen's Bureau mandate. Speed replied on June 22, 1865, that the Bureau Commissioner:[117][118][119][120]

... has authority, under the direction of the President, to set apart for the use of loyal refugees and freedmen the lands in question; and he is required to assign to every male of that class of persons, not more than forty acres of such lands.

Howard acted quickly based on the authorization from Speed, ordering an inventory of lands available for redistribution and resisting white Southerners' attempts to reclaim property.[121][122] At its peak in 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau controlled 800,000–900,000 acres of plantation lands previously belonging to slave owners.[123] This area represented 0.2% of land in the South; ultimately the Johnson proclamation required the Bureau to re-allocate most of it to its former owners.[117]

On July 28, 1865, Howard issued "Circular no. 13", a directive within the Freedmen's Bureau to issue land to refugees and freedmen. Circular no. 13 explicitly instructed Bureau agents to prioritize the Congressional mandate for land distribution over Johnson's amnesty declaration. Its final section clarified: "The pardon of the President will not be understood to extend to the surrender of abandoned or confiscated property which by law has been 'set apart for Refugees and Freedmen'".[124][125] With Circular #13, land redistribution was an official policy for the entire South, and understood as such by army officers.[126]

After issuing Circular 13, however, Howard, seemingly unaware of how significant and controversial his instructions might prove, left Washington for a vacation in Maine.[127] President Johnson and others began to counteract the Circular almost immediately. After Johnson ordered the Bureau to restore the estate of a complaining Tennessee plantation owner, General Joseph S. Fullerton suggested to at least one subordinate that Circular #13 "will not be observed for the present".[128]

When Howard returned to Washington, Johnson ordered him to write a new Circular that would respect his policy of land restoration. Johnson rejected Howard's draft and wrote his own version, which he issued on September 12 as Circular #15—including Howard's name.[129] Circular #15 established strict criteria for designating a property as "officially confiscated" and had the effect in many places of ending land redistribution completely.[130]Sea IslandsThe May 29 amnesty proclamation did not apply to many Sea Islands landowners; however, most of these had secured special pardons directly from Johnson.[202] General Rufus Saxton was overwhelmed with ownership claims for properties in the "Sherman Reserve".[203] Saxton wrote to Howard on September 5, 1865, asking him to protect black landownership on the Sea Islands[204]

Circular no. 15, issued days later, led the land's former owners to increase their efforts. Saxton continued to resist, passing their written requests to Howard with the comment:[205]

"The freedmen were promised the protection of the Government in their possession. This order was issued under a great military necessity with the approval of the War Department. I was appointed the executive officer to carry it out. More than forty thousand destitute freedmen have been provided with homes under its promises. I cannot break faith with them now by recommending the restoration of any of these lands. In my opinion this order of General Sherman is as binding as a statute."

Johnson dispatched Howard to the Islands, with instructions to broker a "mutually satisfactory" settlement. Howard understood that this implied a complete restoration of pre-war ownership.[206] He informed the islanders of Johnson's intention. But (with support from Stanton, who felt comfortable with a literal interpretation of the phrase "mutually satisfactory")[207][208] appointed a sympathetic captain, Alexander P. Ketchum, to form a commission overseeing the transition.[209] Ketchum and Saxton proceeded to resist resettlement claims by Confederate whites.[210]

The settlers formed a solidarity network to resist reclamation of their lands, and proved willing to defend their homes with vigorous displays of force.[210][211] The Sea Island homesteaders also wrote directly to Howard and Johnson, insisting that the government keep its promise and maintain their homesteads.

However, the prevailing political wind continued to favor the Southern landowners. Saxton and Ketchum lost their positions; Daniel Sickles and Robert K. Scott assumed power.[212] In the winter of 1866–1867, Sickles turned the Union Army on the settlers, evicting all those that could not produce the correct deed. Black settlers retained control over 1,565 titles amounting to 63,000 acres.[213] Scott recounted in his report to Congress: "The officers of these detachments in many instances took from the freedmen their certificates, declared them worthless, and destroyed them in their presence. Upon refusing to accept the contracts offered, the people in several instances were thrust out into the highways, where, being without shelter, many perished from small-pox, which prevailed to an alarming extent among them."[214][215]

Soldiers continued to evict settlers and enforce work agreements, leading in 1867 to a large-scale armed standoff between the Army and a group of farmers who would not renew their contract with a plantation owner.[216] General Davis Tillson in Georgia ordered a modification to the title of black landowners "as to give a man holding one, not forty acres, but as much land as he could work well, say from ten to fifteen acres—and that the balance of the land should be turned over to Messrs. Scuyler and Winchester, who should be allowed to hire the remaining freed people who wish to work for them [...]".[217] 90% of the land on Skidaway Island was confiscated.[218]

The (second) Second Freedmen's Bureau bill, passed in July 1866 over Johnson's veto, stipulated the freedpeople whose lands had been restored to Confederate owners could pay $1.25 per acre for up to 20 acres of land in St. Luke and St. Helena parishes of Beaufort County, South Carolina.[219][220] This district was overseen by Major Martin R. Delaney, an abolitionist and advocate of black land ownership.[219] About 1,900 families with land titles resettled in Beaufort County, buying 19,040 acres of land at relatively low rates.[221]

Southern land owners regained control over almost all of the land they had claimed before the war. The national dialogue about land ownership as a key to success for freedpeople gave way (in the sphere of white politics and media) to the implementation of a plantation wage system. Under pressure from Johnson and other pro-capital politicians in the North, and from almost all of white society in the South, the Freedmen's Bureau was transformed from a protector of land rights to an enforcer of wage labor.[162]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_muleThere are plenty of citations in there.

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[–]genobeam1 point 5 years ago [recovered] | Copy Link

By June 1865, about 40,000 freedpeople were settled on 435,000 acres (180,000 ha) in the Sea Islands.[85][86]

In the winter of 1866–1867, Sickles turned the Union Army on the settlers, evicting all those that could not produce the correct deed. Black settlers retained control over 1,565 titles amounting to 63,000 acres.[213] Scott recounted in his report to Congress: "The officers of these detachments in many instances took from the freedmen their certificates, declared them worthless, and destroyed them in their presence. Upon refusing to accept the contracts offered, the people in several instances were thrust out into the highways, where, being without shelter, many perished from small-pox, which prevailed to an alarming extent among them."[214][215]

According to this among the land in the sea islands distributed by sherman's order at least 80% was reclaimed.

If you have a better source, please provide it. You've already shown in this thread once that you don't have a problem making up sources when it's convenient to you (aka your "law" that you never provided in the earlier discussion).

[–]bufedad1 point 5 years ago [recovered] | Copy Link

Still using Wikipedia as a source?

Wikipedia is biased, and untrustworthy. The very next paragraph sourced from the same source wikipedia bases this paragraph from...

July 16, 1866, congress enacted over the president's veto the following provisions in regard to the land held by the freedmen's bureau in South Carolina. The two years granted by congress for redemption of lands forfeited for non-payment of direct taxes having passed, the sales made by the tax commissioners to heads of families of the African race were "confirmed and established" . School farms and certain city lots were to be sold and the proceeds applied to the support education. To each person holding a valid possessory title, granted in accordance with Sherman's special field order, was to be given a sixx years' lease of twnety acres. These allotments should be made by the tax commissioners from the land held by them in the parishes of Saint Luke and Saint Helena. The land so leased could be purchased by the holders at the end of six years for $1.50 an acre. Thus the freedmen were to surrender the plantations for which the owners were clamoring and receive in exchange a lease for half the number of acres. Restoration of land was to be made after the seaseon's crops had been gathered and the negroes compensated by the planters for any improvements made on the property.

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Title	Is there a problem with this new moderator genobeam?
Author	DavidByron2
Upvotes	12
Comments	65
Date	June 19, 2021 6:16 PM UTC (5 years ago)
Subreddit	Posted in /r/MensRights
Original Link	https://old.reddit.com/r/MensRights/comments/o3mb4q/is_there_a_problem_with_this_new_moderator/
Archive Link	https://theredarchive.com/r/MensRights/is-there-a-problem-with-this-new-moderator.825875 https://theredarchive.com/post/825875

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