Study: Full-time working men contributed 20% more annual working hours than women

ThePigmanAgain · 2016-02-14T08:04:03+00:00

And i'll bet the bastards got paid more, too!

the_people · 2016-02-14T08:17:40+00:00

These overtime hours are compensated in a non-linear fashion as well. People keep assuming linearity in pay when they calculate the wage gap.

http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/goldin_aeapress_2014_1.pdf

...snip...

The gender gap in pay would be considerably reduced and might even vanish if firms did not have an incentive to disproportionately reward individuals who worked long hours and who worked particular hours. Such change has already occurred in various sectors, but not in enough.

...snip...

Most of the gender wage gap studies have produced estimates of an “explained” and a “residual” portion. The “residual” is often termed “wage discrimination” since it is the difference in earnings between observationally identical males and females.

The explained portion of the gender wage gap decreased over time as human capital investments between men and women converged. Differences in years of education, in the content of college and in accumulated labor market experience narrowed. In consequence, the residual portion of the gap rose relative to the explained portion.

But what can explain the residual portion of the gap that now remains? There are many contenders. Some would claim that earnings differences for the same position are due to actual discrimination. To others it is due to women’s lower ability to bargain and their lesser desire to compete.Still others blame it on differential employer promotion standards due to gender differences in the probability of leaving.

The existing explanations for the residual gender pay gap regarding how women compete and bargain relative to men have some merit. But they do not explain why different amounts of time out of the labor force and different numbers of hours worked per day or per week have a large effect on the time-adjusted earnings in some occupations but not in others. They do not explicate why some positions have a highly nonlinear (convex) pay structure with regard to hours worked and some are almost perfectly linear.

The alternative reasons for the residual gender pay gap do not help illuminate why earnings differences by sex expand so greatly with age. They also do not explain why women without children generally have higher earnings than women with children and why the former’s earnings are almost equal to those of comparable men.

...snip...

VI. What the Last Chapter Must Contain

The reasoning of this essay is as follows. A gender gap in earnings exists today that greatly expands with age, to some point, and differs significantly by occupation. The gap is much lower than it had once been and the decline has been largely due to an increase in the productive human capital of women relative to men. Education at all levels increased for women relative to men and the fields that women pursue in college and beyond shifted to the more remunerative and career-oriented ones. Job experience of women also expanded with increased labor force participation. The portion of the difference in earnings by gender that was once due to differences in productive characteristics has largely been eliminated.

What, then, is the cause of the remaining pay gap? Quite simply the gap exists because hours of work in many occupations are worth more when given at particular moments and when the hours are more continuous. That is, in many occupations earnings have a nonlinear relationship with respect to hours. A flexible schedule often comes at a high price, particularly in the corporate, financial, and legal worlds.

A compensating differentials model explains wage differences by the costs of flexibility. The framework developed here shows why there are higher or lower costs of time flexibility and the underlying causes of nonlinearity of earnings with respect to time worked. Much has to do with the presence of good substitutes for individual workers when there are sufficiently low transactions costs of relaying information. Evidence from O*Net on occupational characteristics demonstrates that certain features of occupations that create time demands and reduce the degree of substitution across workers are associated with larger gender earnings gaps.

OTTMGTOW · 2016-02-14T09:58:26+00:00

Often overtime is paid at a higher rate than normal hours. 1.5x 2x , sometimes more. Men are also more likely to earn shift premiums from working nights and weekends and statutory holidays. But you know... that's simply mansplaining.

nuesuh · 2016-02-14T10:05:29+00:00

And this is why women has to be paid 20% more, to even out the pay difference /s

Fridaythurs · 2016-02-14T08:52:01+00:00

Women are hypergamous and men are expected to provide for their families* ---> men work harder, longer and in more difficult and dangerous jobs ----> men earn more. This is female privilege, not female oppression.

*The vast majority of men would take care of their families regardless of any laws or even "social expectations." By shutting men out of the lives of their children (thanks, NOW) you create resentment and therefore lack of motivation to pay child support. That's assuming the poor bastard can even find a job, otherwise it's straight off to debtor's prison. Though Democrats are rightly blamed for a lot of the feminist bullshit, it is worth noting that it was Republicans who blocked efforts to reform alimony for low-income men. Republicans are clinging to outdated "man-up" doctrines that are inconsistent with current economic realities and divorce/custody laws.

PotatoScallops · 2016-02-14T19:55:27+00:00

Lol funny how women aren't looking for longer hours in physically demanding jobs on their "equality crusade"

Ovendice · 2016-02-14T22:47:15+00:00

I work in sales for a tech company and it's my job to constantly be chasing after any and everyone in charge at literally hundreds of businesses all of the time. And I absolutely guarantee you that most women do not work just 20% less than men, they work less than half the hours of the average male in any company.

Another issue that's never addressed is that 95% of women only work indoors in primarily education, healthcare, offices and retail and that's pretty much it. And in all of the offices and doctor's offices I deal with (I don't really deal with retail & schools) the only women that are at work Mon-Fri. 9-5 are the receptionists and secretaries. That's it.

Anyone above receptionist, managers, administrators- anyone important is always, always out on Mon. & Fri., never in before 11am (or even noon!) gone by 2:30pm (I'm not joking, it's literally like this!) and always out sick half the time and always on 'leave' or on extended vacations and on and on and on- for whatever reason, they're always just OUT.

If there is anyone else who works in B2B sales, back me up here- it sounds insane, but it's true! And I've been doing this for 8 years now and it just seems to get worse all the time. Women have kind of sort of left the workforce but not officially, they've done it the same way they do most anything else, on the sly and out of sight and out the back door so to speak.

And if anyone dares to ever question their constant absenteeism they fly into a RAGE and not just not admit they're always gone, but try to attack you and get you into trouble for even pointing it out. And then of course what eventually happens is then they just.. quit. Women not only work less hours but leave the workforce at at least 3 times the rate men do: http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Columns/2013/04/17/Why-Women-Are-Leaving-the-Workforce-in-Record-Numbers

For whatever reason- emotional, biological (and trust me getting pregnant only accounts for 1% of the problem and is way, WAY over talked about and assumed as the main issue) because god knows what, attitudes, whatever, women just aren't reliable nor are they consistent- you see the same pattern over and over and over and over and over.

Rockbottom503 · 2016-02-14T18:25:01+00:00

It won't make any difference. Feminists aren't interested in the reasons. They see a woman being paid 20% less than a man and they arrive at the conclusion it must be because she's a woman. The basis for argument then works back from there - 'he works more hours' - that's because she has other responsibilities (child rearing etc) outside of work that means she can't do as many hours as the man so she's being discriminated against because she's a woman and should be paid the same anyway. Anyone rational knows how absurd this is - if a company had to pay a woman and a man the same regardless of their contribution to the business then it would lead to widespread discrimination against women - the purpose of business is to make a profit after all, and why would any sane company CEO possibly consider hiring a woman who might only work 30 hours a week over a man who might work 50 hours a week for the same money??? It's the same reason the wage gap claims on the whole are basic bullshit - economics.

anunusualname · 2016-02-14T19:38:38+00:00

Ah! The Work Gap! Great research, I hope it gets reported as widely as the Wage Gap does.

paulisumanen · 2016-02-15T13:07:48+00:00

Comments from the author of the study: 1. Near all researchers are studying gender pay gap, not the gender wage gap. NOTE THE DIFFERENCE when you read studies. That is because actual working hours of employees are not available in the salary material. This is why my study was done. In Finland the gender pay gap is 18 %. But because there is about 20 % difference in actual working hours, the gender wage gap is ZERO! 2. Of that 20 % difference one fourth is the paid leave of one week (or more) long. Near all of it is annual leave, which can be in the public sector 40 working days (really!). In the private sector it is 25 working days. About half of women work in the public sector in Finland. The differnce in paid sickness leave is under 1 %-unit. Under 1 %-unit is also the paid maternity leave, about 3 months. 3. One fourth of the difference comes from the difference in a normal working week. In the public sector normal week is 30-38 hours per week depending of the contract. In the private sector normal week according to the contract is 37,5 - 40 hours. 4. Half of the difference (10 %-units) consists of the work over 40 hours per week. Of that about 1 %-unit is salaried, others non-salaried. 5. The pay of upper class white-collar workers is quite linear with actual working hours. This has been studied earlier by "Julkunen-Nätti-Anttila" in their study "Aikanyrjähdys" ("Time is twisted"). And they prove that near all upper class white-collar men get the same wage undependent of their actual working hours. The more you work, the more you earn, but your wage per hour doesn't encrease, on the contrary, it decreases a little linearly the more you work.

Vance87 · 2016-02-14T14:39:41+00:00

What we already knew, just confirmed once again.

LandShark805 · 2016-02-14T15:06:51+00:00

Salaried employees don't get overtime, and work over the measured 40 hours. Statistically it's not accounted for. If you're the boss, your employees may clock 40-50 hours, but they never count your 60-70 hour week.

Title	Study: Full-time working men contributed 20% more annual working hours than women
Author	hmlaasanen
Upvotes	150
Comments	19
Date	February 14, 2016 6:49 AM UTC (10 years ago)
Subreddit	Posted in /r/MensRights
Original Link	https://old.reddit.com/r/MensRights/comments/45p2nh/study_fulltime_working_men_contributed_20_more/
Archive Link	https://theredarchive.com/r/MensRights/study-full-time-working-men-contributed-20-more.956172 https://theredarchive.com/post/956172