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Be cautious while reporting rape cases, DCI warns after woman falsely accuses area chief

PeonSupreme

September 24, 2021

72 upvotes

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Title	Be cautious while reporting rape cases, DCI warns after woman falsely accuses area chief
Author	PeonSupreme
Upvotes	72
Comments	20
Date	September 24, 2021 10:57 PM UTC (4 years ago)
Subreddit	Posted in /r/MensRights
Original Link	https://old.reddit.com/r/MensRights/comments/puui77/be_cautious_while_reporting_rape_cases_dci_warns/
Archive Link	https://theredarchive.com/r/MensRights/be-cautious-while-reporting-rape-cases-dci-warns.1074483 https://theredarchive.com/post/1074483

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Part I.

no woman (or really anybody) with any self respect would accuse someone of raping her

Either that is wrong or not every woman has self respect. Because it has happened before and the estimates of false accusations are much higher than that. Women certainly are no little angels and are just as vicious as men when they can gain something from it. Why do people rob, murder and rape? For the same reason they falsely accuse someone of rape. It is personal gain, the disregard of the victim's well-being, and the lack of consequences for the perpetrator that motivate such a crime.

What you are referring to is called "attrition" (the proportion of cases that drop out of the criminal justice chain and don't lead to a conviction). In the UK, the attrition is extremely high for male victims of sexual abuse, but for female victims it is comparable to other crimes of violence against persons. But more on that in my second comment (part II). Now, as for false rape accusations.

First, the common 2% figure you hear comes from a remark made in a speech by a judge in 1974 cited by Susan Brownmiller's 1975 book "Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape" which describes rape as "a conscious process of intimidation by which all men keep all women in a state of fear", so there is no credibility in it.

William Collins states in his book "The Empathy Gap: Male Disadvantages and the Mechanisms of Their Neglect":

My interpretation of this sea of confusion is that, if care is taken to include only cases where falsity is demonstrated, then the rate lies in the 2% to 10% range. However, all this establishes is a lower bound to the actual rate of false accusations. Even in the small percentage of cases which are tried in court one cannot be sure if a false allegation has been made. A conviction does not prove that the allegation was not false: there are plenty of case histories of such miscarriages of justice. Similarly, a not-guilty verdict does not prove that the allegation was false, or even that the man was innocent. […] It is not the focus of the police to compile evidence that the complaint is untruthful. Their focus is to attempt to compile which makes a prosecution case for rape, and if they cannot do so, then the case does not go forward to the CPS. In many cases it will be difficult to find evidence that the allegation is false, and in most cases the attempt to do so is not made. […] In short, for the bulk of cases, evidence of falsity is not sought and may not exist if it were. Consequently, the 2% to 10% estimate for the rate of false allegations is not only a lower bound, but may well be a wildly conservative lower bound, i.e., the actual rate may be far greater since the police make no attempt to find evidence which demonstrates falsity.

He later derives his own estimate (among giving more evidence for why this figure is credible) by looking at the CSEW (Crime Survey for England and Wales) figures for self-reported rapes and contrasting this to the number police-reported rapes: this shows that the police reports effectively reach the lower bound for the CSEW estimate (it is likely that they now exceed the lower bound as this was in 2018).

Looking at another CSEW figure (Office for National Satistics, 2018):

"Those who had experienced rape or assault by penetration (including attempts) since the age of 16 were asked who they had personally told.... Around one in six (17%) had told the police."

This of course is a shocking statistic when looked at from the view of the victims. However, combining these two CSEW figures, we are forced to conclude an extremely high rate of false rape accusations, which William Collins derives to be 77% of all rape accusations. He suggests that this is a new phenomenon in recent years in the UK driven by victim compensation payments.

Additionally, rape is a hard to prove crime due to its nature. Most cases are neither proven true nor false. So it is dishonest to only talk about the number of provably false accusations without also mentioning the number of provably true accusations. According to RAINN, 5.7% of rapes lead to a conviction (let's assume those are all true). Since at least 2% of all accusations are false, that means about 1/3 of all accusations that were determined to be either true or false are false.

[–]lightning_palm2 points 4 years ago [recovered] | Copy Link

Part II.

William Collins states regarding female perpetrators:

There are more than a hundred times more men in prison for sexual offences than there are women in prison for sexual offences. But there is a gross mismatch between this ratio and the known high incidence of male sex offenders who have a background of being sexually abused by a woman themselves as children (perhaps about one-third to one-half of all such men in prison). So, given the 13,500 men in prison in the UK for sex offences, why are there only about 100 women? Where are the several thousand missing women who have sexually offended against male minors? (Not to mention the women offending against female minors).

Stemple, Flores and Meyer find something different in their 2017 study Sexual Victimization Perpetrated by Women: Federal Data Reveal Surprising Prevalence (direct link to an older version of the PDF, I hope it's not too outdated).

They quote (among studies supporting this result):

"Perpetrator self-reports are also revealing. A 2012 study using data from the U. S. Census Bureau's nationally representative National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, 2001-02) found in a sample of 43,000 adults little difference in the sex of selfreported sexual perpetrators. Of those who affirmed that they had “ever force[d] someone to have sex … against their will,” 43.6% were female and 56.4% were male (Hoertel, Le Strat, Schuster, & Limosin, 2012)."

One 2008 literature review looked at five studies of femaleperpetrated sexual victimization within relationships. The review found that between 1.2% and 19.5% of adolescent girls and 2.1%–46.2% of college women self reported that they perpetrated some form of sexual victimization (Williams et al., 2008).

A 2013 survey of 1058 male and female youth ages 14–21 found that 9% self-reported perpetrating sexual victimization in their lifetime; 4% of youth reported perpetrating attempted or completed rape, which, again is defined to include any unwanted intercourse regardless of directionality (i.e., respondent reported that he/she “made someone have sex with me when I knew they did not want to”). While 98% of perpetrators who committed their first offence at age 15 or younger were male, by age 18–19 self-reports of perpetration differed little by sex: females comprised 48% of self-reported perpetrators of attempted or completed rape. Females were also more likely to perpetrate against victims older than themselves (Ybarra & Mitchell, 2013). Among respondents, victim blaming was common; perpetrator accountability was not. About half of all perpetrators of rape or attempted rape said that the victim was completely responsible for the incident. Fewer than 1% of perpetrators reported contact with law enforcement subsequent to the abuse (Ybarra & Mitchell, 2013).

A 2011 Dutch study also found no significant difference among male and female adolescent self-reports of sexual aggression (10% of males and 8% of females reported using sexual aggression) (Slotboom, Hendricks, & Verbruggen, 2011).

They also talk about the considerable obstacles for male victims of sexual abuse (read the article by Stemple et al. if you want to know more about that).

Next, let us look at the other side of the coin, that is self-reported rapes (by male and female victims) in the US. According to the The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Surveys (NISVS) by the CDC, in the US women rape men at virtually the same rate as men rape women if you include "being made to penetrate" in the definition of rape and survey incidences in the last 12 months. Here are the victimization rates using the 12 month prevalence, first for females and then for males:

NISVS 2010: 1.1% and 1.1% (pages 18 and 19)
NISVS 2011: 1.6 % and 1.7% (page 5)
NISVS 2012: 1.0% and 1.7% (pages 217 and 222)
NISVS 2015: 1.2% and 0.7% (pages 15 and 16)

Note that around 80% of people who rape men are women (see e.g. NISVS 2010, page 24). Also note that they exclude "made to penetrate" in the definition of rape, so you have to be wary of this when reading the documents.

Similar numbers are found in the EU, e.g. in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Victimization: Findings from a National Representative Sample of Belgian Adults Aged 16–69 (Schapansky et al., 2021) which finds that the 12-month-prevalence was 1.4% for men and 1.5% for women. Again, they use various tricks to downplay the prevalence of male victims of rape: while they actually include "made to penetrate" in the definition of rape, they do not consider attempted rape when it concerns men but do consider it when it concerns women. Additionally, they include various forms of penetration in the rape of females but conveniently overlook equivalent forms of sexual assault for males (such as stimulation of intercourse by hand). Thus, the number for men is likely even higher than the reported one. This post from r/LeftWingMaleAdvocates explores the problems with their approach in more detail.

You may also find this recently published summary paper On the Sexual Assault of Men (DiMarco et al., 2021) useful. Some of its claims are:

male rape happens about as often as female rape, and possibly exceeds it
80% of those who rape men are women
the rape of men occurs with a frequency comparable to the rape of womenthe arrest rate of female rapists is extremely low
stereotypes such as "he became erect so he must have wanted it" have been debunked
male rape victims suffer the same emotional and psychological consequences as female rape victims, even suffering physical injury at comparable rates

You may also note that Predictors of sexual coercion against women and men: a multilevel, multinational study of university students (Hines, 2007) found that as women gain more status, they are more likely to perpetrate sexual violence against men.

Why is the 12-month-prevalence preferable to the lifetime prevalence?

Has ‘lifetime prevalence’ reached the end of its life? An examination of the concept (Streiner et al., 2009) finds that the 12 month prevalence is more reliable than the lifetime prevalence.

Recall Bias can be a Threat to Retrospective and Prospective Research Designs (Hassan, 2005) finds that "[r]esearch tells us that 20% of critical details of a recognized event are irretrievable after one year from its occurrence and 50% are irretrievable after 5 years", against suggesting that the 12-month-prevalence is more accurate than the lifetime-prevelance.

Furthermore, one could argue that the lifetime prevalence gives a history lesson instead of teaching us about the current situation.

Why does the CDC not consider "made to penetrate" as rape?

This clip contains an interview with Professor Mary P. Koss, male rape denier. She speaks from 06:17 to 07:40 and from 08:15 to 09:00. She is considered the foremost expert on sexual violence in the USA and advisor to the FBI, CDC, N.O.W. and the United States Congress. In 1991, she testified as an expert witness at the U.S. Senate hearings that led to the first passage of Violence Against Women Act.

According to her website at the University of Arizona:

During her career she has consulted with many national and international health and advocacy organizations. Since 2016 she advised the US Departments of Justice, Education, and the White House Taskforce on Campus Sexual Assault. She was the 8th recipient of the Visionary Award from End Violence Against Women International. She has received awards from the American Psychological Association: the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Research in Public Policy (2000) and the Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology (2017).

In Detecting the Scope of Rape: A Review of Prevalence Research Methods (Mary P. Koss, 1993), she states:

Although consideration of male victims is within the scope of the legal statutes, it is important to restrict the term rape to instances where male victims were penetrated by offenders. It is inappropriate to consider as a rape victim a man who engages in unwanted sexual intercourse with a woman (e.g., Struckman-Johnson, 1991).

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