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Great debunking of the 1 in 3 men would rape study

Kungfoohustler

January 10, 2016
75 upvotes
/r/MensRights
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/pop-psych/201601/exaggerating-statistics-about-rape
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Title Great debunking of the 1 in 3 men would rape study
Author

Kungfoohustler

Upvotes 75
Comments 20
Date January 10, 2016 5:38 PM UTC
(10 years ago)
Subreddit Posted in /r/MensRights
Original Link https://old.reddit.com/r/MensRights/comments/40c844/great_debunking_of_the_1_in_3_men_would_rape_study/
Archive Link https://theredarchive.com/r/MensRights/great-debunking-of-the-1-in-3-men-would-rape-study.963460
https://theredarchive.com/post/963460
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Comments

[–]you_cant_banme 14 points15 points16 points 10 years ago (1 child) | Copy Link

"there wouldn't be any consequences"

That has always been my biggest beef with it. If an action has no consequences, there's no reason to say it's not moral to do that action, and if it's not immoral, there's no reason to not to the action. If you open up the question with "there wouldn't be any consequences", an answer of "yeah, I'd do that" should be perfectly acceptable.

[–]WillMeatLover 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

If there are no consequences to murder then the person won't die. Death is a consequence. You hurt them. Rip off their head and crush their skull and vent your rage and then they are fine...

Because no consequences is a bullshit phrasing of a question used solely for the purpose of lying.

[–]girlwriteswhat 8 points9 points10 points 10 years ago (13 children) | Copy Link

My comment left on the article:

"Edwards et al (2014) do not explicitly mention how they managed such a feat, but I think the answer is clear from the labeling in one of their tables: "Any intention to rape a woman" (emphasis, mine). What the researchers did, then, was code any response other than a "1" as an affirmative; the statistical equivalent of saying that 2 is closer to 5 than it is to 1.

Actually, it's worse. A random, obscure YouTuber going by the name of Mr1001nights actually wrote to the authors. They indicated to him that they did NOT in fact use the 1 to 5 scale.

Apparently they used a modified Malamuth scale of 0 to 100, where 0 was "not at all" and 100 was "very likely". Any answer above 10 on this scale was placed in the "intentions group".

This is egregious on two fronts. 1) if we were to overlay a scale of 1 to 5 on top of a scale of 0 to 100, anything under 20 would be considered a "not at all" or "not likely at all". Yet these researchers included anything above 10 to be "intent to rape a woman".

2) Malamuth himself warned that his scale could not be used to predict future behavior, as it is impossible to consider every potential condition a human being might be placed under. This means for one that some of the "not at alls" might indeed rape if placed in a situation outside of their imagining (such as guerrilla warfare). It also means that some of the "very likelies" may well not engage in behavior they themselves believe they would, when a given opportunity presents itself.

People who answer on a survey that they would "very likely" kill their boss if they knew they could get away with it may not end up doing it even if they had every opportunity to do so.

The "study", if one could call it that, represents the absolute worst of advocacy research. And that's not even getting into the tiny, homogenous sample size (86 students to whom the authors had ready access, I doubt any of them were majoring in business or engineering) and how it was projected onto the broader population of college men.

They'd have been more accurate to say, "1/3 of pro-feminist hipster douchebags taking college po-mo and interdisciplinary studies courses would rape a woman if they knew they could get away with it."

[–]Whisper 5 points6 points7 points 10 years ago (1 child) | Copy Link

could not be used to predict future behavior, as it is impossible to consider every potential condition a human being might be placed under. This means for one that some of the "not at alls" might indeed rape if placed in a situation outside of their imagining (such as guerrilla warfare). It also means that some of the "very likelies" may well not engage in behavior they themselves believe they would, when a given opportunity presents itself.

This is why I regard any study that involves self-report or a questionnaire as a waste of good paper. People are universally terrible at predicting their own behaviour, and even when they know what they would do, they lie about it.

Psychology and sociology are rife with self-report studies, because they are easy to do, and actually observing human behaviour is expensive and difficult. But all that achieves is multiply the amount of wrong data out there.

I am reminded of the story of the drunk searching for his lost car keys under a street lamp. He dropped them two streets down, but "the light is better over here".

[–]girlwriteswhat 4 points5 points6 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

Self report studies can be useful, but they're incredibly limited. Even with an excellent response rate, they won't map to reality precisely. Some people are crazy, some people are retards, some people have an agenda, and even regardless of that, human memory is incredibly fallible.

[–]baserace 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (8 children) | Copy Link

Apparently they used a modified Malamuth scale of 0 to 100, where 0 was "not at all" and 100 was "very likely". Any answer above 10 on this scale was placed in the "intentions group".

This reminds me of one previous critique of the study, was more in-depth than this article.

The link seems to have fallen off my bookmarks, anyone know the critique I'm talking about?

[–]girlwriteswhat 3 points4 points5 points 10 years ago (4 children) | Copy Link

The only critique I know of that mentions how they modified Malamuth's scale and included all answers over 10 in the "intentions group" (their words) is the one done by Mr1001nights on YouTube.

I did email Ashe Schow over at the Washington Examiner about this, since her initial critique of it didn't include all of the flaws with the study (just the glaringly obvious ones). She might have written a follow-up, but if she has, I haven't seen it.

[–]baserace 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (3 children) | Copy Link

Cheers, that may well be it. Seems there's no longer such a video on his channel, though.

Unless what I saw was a review of his critique by yourself or someone else.

[–]girlwriteswhat 2 points3 points4 points 10 years ago (2 children) | Copy Link

Goddamn it. Why would he take that down? Looks like he's taken a LOT of videos down, though.

[–]baserace 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (1 child) | Copy Link

FYI, RyanoftheStars' reply. The one I was thinking of was this TL;DR video.

[–]girlwriteswhat 2 points3 points4 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

Well, I'm glad some of Mr1001nights' footage was saved for posterity...

[–]RyanoftheStars 2 points3 points4 points 10 years ago (2 children) | Copy Link

TL;DR did a a video called ThinkTank Doesn't Understand Statistics and Reading, which goes over some of these issues everyone is mentioning.

I cannot stand the way colleges misrepresent data in their studies these days. The worst part is in a great deal of cases "peer reviewed" means glanced over by someone with the exact same ideological bias as you. While self-reporting isn't entirely useless (for instance, it can be used to compare biases people have about themselves against empirical realities, if done well) people are correct in saying it is overused as factual evidence of internal realities that any self-respecting intellectual would be automatically suspicious of our ability to measure.

One of my pet peeves is that whole sexual objectification canard. I hadn't even heard of the theory until I started learning English and encountered it. Imagine my surprise when the people going around spouting it as a social fact of life were basically basing it on a 1960s book by good ol' Simone who got her theories from Kant. Then Nussbaum created her seven categories of objectification in 1995, but warned that she only saw the first category as potentially harmful and the rest of ambiguous moral value. In 1997, that infamous "study" that everyone references as creating the conversation is basically a philosophical theory that confirms its biases before it even starts by asserting that sexual objectification exists because people who are like me say it does. From there on, you have countless terrible "studies" that try to make correlation between "sexist" attitudes and the act of looking at "sexualized" women, despite the fact that what constitutes sexist and sexualized is constantly debated and rightfully so.

It took me no time at all to track down the origins of sexual objectification theory and find out that it has so far no basis in neuroscience, biology and even contradicts several anthropological and psychological models with much more rigorous objective study behind them. Yet here we are, with a world that assumes that sexual objectification is a social fact.

Sorry for the derail, but I had to get that off my chest.

[–]girlwriteswhat 5 points6 points7 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

This might be interesting to you:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22059848

If an increased body focus increases perceptions of moral patiency (vulnerability to harm, capacity to feel pain/pleasure and internalize experiences), then the outrage over the Abu Ghraib photos makes a lot of sense. Naked men, with their faces covered. All they were were bodies, and all the perpetrators were fully clothed, and yet who got the sympathy and who were condemned for their actions?

And if our perceptions of agency prevent us from feeling sympathetic or protective of individuals when they are harmed, what does the "patriarchy" narrative do to men and women? It places men in the category of moral agent (defined solely through actions and intentions), and women in the category of moral patient or object (at the mercy of others' actions and intentions).

Feminists then monopolize society's sympathy toward the "objectified" women because society sees them as more deserving of concern, while simultaneously claiming that the "objectification" it promotes dehumanizes women and cause society to hate them or ignore their troubles.

I'm still waiting for that one brave researcher to test feminists for markers of Cluster B personality disorders. I really want someone to do this. I really really do.

[–]baserace 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

That's the one! Many thanks, and than for the rest of the post too.

[–]splodgenessabounds 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

They indicated to him that they did NOT in fact use the 1 to 5 scale.

Apparently they used a modified Malamuth scale of 0 to 100, where 0 was "not at all" and 100 was "very likely". Any answer above 10 on this scale was placed in the "intentions group".

This is egregious on two fronts. 1) if we were to overlay a scale of 1 to 5 on top of a scale of 0 to 100, anything under 20 would be considered a "not at all" or "not likely at all". Yet these researchers included anything above 10 to be "intent to rape a woman".

There are (at least) two problems going on here. Before I go any further, my background is botany/ vegetation communities, so I'll base my argument on that, though parallels to other fields will be more or less obvious.

1) Whenever one research project or summary paper or whatever wants to use hard (numerical) data from previous studies, there comes a point where that prior data has to be reduced to a common scale. Out in the field, some filed botanists may have used a 1 to 7 Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale, others 1 to 6 or 1 to 5. That means that previous survey data has to be reduced to 1 to 5 in order to be useable: how 7 categories are merged into 5 was the subject of a fair amount of debate among veg classification nerds (lots of arcane stuff about cluster analysis and whatnot), but eventually an agreement was worked out. Imagine, then, the job of reducing and translating a 1 to 100 scale to 1 to 5: even in a "hard" science (maths and physics, for example) that would involve a lot of argy-bargy.

2) How much more difficult, then, to reduce something as vague and fuzzy and individual as a "response" to a number between 1 and 100, and then to lump those (arbitrary) numbers into even more arbitrary groups of 20. Even if this were possible and justifiable, what sort of wrangling would it take to agree on the limits of each 5 'bins'?

Consequently, I can't see any reason to place any faith in such an arbitrary and woolly system of categorisation even in a discipline as (relatively) cut-and-dried as maths, let alone "data" derived from "responses" to conditional questions. Don't even start me on "random" and "representative".

[–]Tamen_ 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

It's even worse than that: the authors of the Edwards study are either incompetent or dishonest. The measure they claim to have used (Malamuth) does not have any questions matching what Edwards et al claims in their paper. Here are some details:

Another issue with this study apart from the small sample size was that the authors wouldn't reveal the questions they asked. Their paper implies that they asked whether the respondend had "Intentions to force a woman to sexual intercourse".

According to the “Materials and methods” section of the paper itself they apparently never asked any participants how likely they were to force a woman to intercourse – despite presenting the results as if they had.

They used several measures in the study (according to the paper itself):

  • Hostility towards women scale.
  • The callous sexual attitudes subscale from the hypermasculinity scale.
  • Parts of the attraction to sexual aggression scale.
  • Marlow-Crown Social Desirability Scale.

It’s the attraction to sexual aggression scale (abbreviated to ASA) which asks how likely the respondents are to do certain acts if there was no consequence. In other words it is this scale that gave the results listed in table 1 in the study.

Neil M. Malamuth developed and published this scale in 1989. It’s described in his two papers: The attraction to the sexual aggression scale: Part one and part two.

Part two is behind a paywall while part one is available in full. Part one is the one describing a scale to measure attraction to sexual aggression so it should be sufficient for my analysis here.

The exact questions for ASA isn’t revealed in the Malamuth paper either, but the paper describes the scale items in detail allowing us to get a very good idea about how the questions would look.

The ASA lists the following activities in item 1 & 2 in table 1 in the Malamuth paper:

a) Necking (deep kissing)

b) Petting

c) Oral sex

d) Heterosexual intercourse

e) Anal intercourse

f) Male homosexual act

g) Group sex

h) Bondage

i) Whipping, spanking

j) Rape

k) Forcing a female to do something sexual she didn’t want to do

l) Transvestism (wearing clothes of opposite sex)

m) Pedophilia (sex with child)

The paper by Edwards (which you linked to) used a subset of these; as they state in their paper:

The survey concluded with part of the attraction to sexual aggression scale (Malamuth 1989a,b). This scale measures self-reported likelihood to engage in a variety of sexual behaviors ‘‘if nobody would ever know and there wouldn’t be any consequences’’ for the participants. The behaviors that were included were heterosexual intercourse, forcing a female to do something sexual she does not want to, and rape.

Notice that neither in the Malamouth paper nor in the Edwards paper is the "heterosexual intercourse" item about forced intercourse.

So they took the activities d), j) and k) from activities listed in Malamuth’s paper on ASA:

d) Heterosexual intercourse

j) Rape

k) Forcing a woman to do something sexual she does not want to do

Combining this with the question prefix listed in Malamuth's paper:

If you could be assured that no one would know and that you could in no way be punished for engaging in the following acts, how likely, if at all, would you be to commit such acts?

we can construct the following three questions:

  • If you could be assured that no one would know and that you could in no way be punished for engaging in the following acts, how likely, if at all, would you be to have heterosexual intercourse?

  • If you could be assured that no one would know and that you could in no way be punished for engaging in the following acts, how likely, if at all, would you be to commit rape?

  • If you could be assured that no one would know and that you could in no way be punished for engaging in the following acts, how likely, if at all, would you be to force a woman to do something sexual she does not want to do?

Do you notice something missing?

Where is “force a woman to sexual intercourse”?

They apparently didn’t ask about that, yet it’s in the results presented in the study. Extremely dodgy and I personally think that the author is either incompetent or fraudulent.

The Malamuth's paper about the Malamuth scale:

http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/comm/malamuth/pdf/89jsr26.pdf

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3812641?sid=21105860320783&uid=2&uid=4&uid=70&uid=3738744&uid=2129

[–][deleted] 10 years ago (1 child) | Copy Link

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[–]splodgenessabounds 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

Thanks for the link. Marczyk clearly sets out the problems with not just the conclusion (that 1 in 3 men rape) but the unjustified assumptions that lead to it.

[–]mwobuddy 0 points1 point2 points 10 years ago (0 children) | Copy Link

This is like I said before. I've had sex with someone before because she was already naked, and we were in the shower, and she was putting the moves on. I wasn't attracted to her, but I didn't want to be rude, so I just mechanically went through it. Because I wasn't enthusiastic about it, because I was ambivalent, because I felt socially compelled to go through with it, I was apparently a victim of coercion and possibly even rape, if the moderate feminists (in the former), or the crazy femnazis (in the latter) had a say in it.

Yet I did not feel like a victim, the way people are trying to PRESSURE GIRLS AND WOMEN INTO FEELING LIKE VICTIMS, in very similar circumstances, such as not wanting to be rude, being unsure about it but letting it go foward, etc.

Maybe I'm a victim, just like those females, and I just don't know it because I've been blinded by the patriarchy or feminism to believe I can't have been a victim because I'm a man... or maybe its because I knew damn well I could stop it if I chose, so I chose to allow it to occur and thus it was my responsibility and choice, which means I implicitly consented.

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