Look, I have been asking the same goddamn question over and over again, so I like to apologize for posting it again. I just suffer from a severe "stereotype threat effect" and feel as if I'm incompetent (especially intellectually) because I'm a male. So this question is a bit personal to me. I try to research on my own, but I come across some articles designed to dishearten me more. Hence, I need to ask from you guys to verify if they are sex differences in intelligence and if so, who do they favor and why.

Before you have a knee-jerk response, I am familiar with the male variability hypothesis as well as the correlation between height and intelligence and the inverse correlation between obesity and intelligence. I just want to know if there are peer-reviewed studies and meta-analysises which demonstrate whether there are sex differences in cognition and intelligence and if so, what are they in favor of and why? In some studies, they point out how men are better at visuo-spatial and mathematical tasks while women are better at social and verbal tasks. Why is that so?

One of the arguments often made is how the differences are due to socialization and environment. This kinda puts me off, because of how media tends to portray women as underdogs as well as not bothering to cover socialization negatively affecting boys. To what extent does socialization and environment play? Is there any correlation between education/intelligence level and gender equality?

Lastly, it's the topic of brain size and structure. Some studies point out how there's a correlation between brain size and intelligence, but others do not. Some also argue that neuron connectivity, neuropil, synapses, neuron density, grey matter and white matter are essential for intelligence, but I don't know which sex differences it favors. There are also differences in sizes of brain regions involved in certain tasks which give an edge to one sex (linguistics for women, mathematics for men).

There is also the neural efficiency hypothesis, which suggest that a smarter person uses less energy to solve problems than a less smart person. Is there any gender differences in that as well?

Having said all that, please try to be objective-minded; are there any sex differences in intelligence? If so, what are they and why? Is it linked to genetics or environment? Can it be overcome? I don't mind studies.

EDIT: Another thing I do know is that women have high cortical thickness and surface areas, which is correlated to intelligence. Just to point this out.

Also in regards to gender equality and intelligence, I mean in a more egalitarian country, would the sex differences be more or less pronounced? If so, what effect would it have for each sex (like it would lower or improve one sex's performance in a certain area)?