It's well known that women receive a sentencing discount after being convicted of a crime. A commonly quoted figure is 60%. But as girlwriteswhat points out, it's not just at the sentencing stage that women get a pass, it's at all stage: they are less likely to be stopped; once stopped, they are less likely to be arrested; once arrested they are less likely to be charged; once charged, they are less likely to be convicted. If we take that same 60% figure, approximate it as 1:2 and assume it applies at every stage in the process, we get 1:16 which is approximately the ratio of females to males in prison.