The key to stopping universities behaving abusively (e.g. using a preponderance of probability judgement with skewed hearings) is to take away the right of training providers to awards qualifications. (The fact that universities award qualifications exclusively to their customers is a very obvious conflict of interests.)

Training providers could exclude people from their training programmes but they could not simply cancel their degree since the award of qualifications would be in the hands of an independent organisation. Degrees might also start to regain some value.