The following paper cost Professor H. S. Nyborg a long legal battle with his university, which began with his suspension under trumped up charges and ended with a full acquittal on appeal, with the university forced to reinstate him (of course they never stopped going after him and he had to do the whole charade again with another paper in 2011):

Sex-related differences in general intelligence g, brain size, and social status

PDF here

The article tested four hypothesis:

  • Inadequate analysis explains why researchers have been having incosistent results on gender-based differences in intelligence

  • The adequate method proposed will identify a male lead in general intelligence

  • The male lead is mostly explained by larger male brain size

  • Because males have a higher average intelligence and a wider distribution, there are exponentially more males at the top end of the distribution; that translates into a significant numerical superiority of highly intelligent males as opposed to highly intelligent females, explaining male dominance across society

The statistical analysis found support for all four hypothesis, or in other words

tl;dr males dominate even in modern societies (where their strength advantage isn't nearly as determinant as in pre-industrial societies) because they are far more numerous at the top end of the intelligence spectrum, thanks to a higher average intelligence and wider distribution.

(Secondary lesson: never back down with SJWs. Never apologize. Nyborg stood his ground, fought through hell and won. Others whom he cites didn't and were disgraced. Never give them an inch.)