I recently read through the Resilience, Rights and Respectful Relationships learning materials, part of the Respectful Relationships program which is mandatory in government and Catholic Primary and Secondary schools in my state of Victoria (Australia).

I thought I'd share the results of my investigation, which are mixed. There is some good, useful content and I agree with much of it, but there are some serious issues with the underlying motivation and how this comes out in the learning materials to be presented to students. See the bits in italics for what really irked me.

Origin

The program has its origins in Our Watch, a government body charged with ending violence against "women and their children". That's the slogan (yeah, I know). As I go through some of the details, you'll begin to see how this specifically gendered goal of the program is obfuscated in the learning materials and in the presentation of the program to the public. Even the title Respectful Relationships begins this obfuscation.

Presentation to the public

The program website contains a series of "myths" with responses, intended to instil confidence in the general public. One of these "myths", Respectful relationships education does not address violence against men has a response that does not directly address the prompt, instead merely saying "Respectful relationships education is about building positive relationships for all young people. Students are given the opportunity to explore emotions such as anger and frustration, and develop non-violent problem solving strategies."

By contrast, all other "myth" responses begin with a direct answer like "Absolutely not" or "This is not true".

Learning materials

Since I have experience as a Secondary teacher, I began with the Year 7-8 materials, intended for students beginning secondary school (ages 11-13).

Not including additional introductory activities, the materials contain a series of 8 topics. Not all of these could be done in a single 45-minute period. I'd imagine that some schools may do this during Health / PE lessons or it may be set up as a specific program.

It's interesting that the first 5 topics are "intrapersonal", rather than interpersonal, in a program called Respectful Relationships.

Topic 1: Emotional literacy

This looks at recognising emotions, building empathy, etc. I think this is very positive, and very useful for boys. It is telling, though, that only 3 of the 9 example scenarios involve girls. This arguably gives an implicit message that boys have more emotional problems. A less antagonistic interpretation is that they are giving more attention to boys dealing with their emotions.

Topic 2: Personal strengths

This is about identifying and drawing on your personal strengths. Nothing gender-specific is highlighted in this section.

Topic 3: Positive coping

This is about positive self-talk and similar to the current trend in schools of talking about Growth Mindset. Nothing gender-specific is highlighted in this section.

Topic 4: Problem solving

This is about approaching challenges and learning the difference between assertiveness and aggression. Nothing gender-specific is highlighted in this section.

Topic 5: Stress management

This is about coping strategies, including relaxation techniques. Again, I think this is very positive for boys, depending on how the classroom teacher approaches it. I could potentially see a topic like this working better in gender-segregated classes, but there's nothing gender-specific highlighted in this section.

Topic 6: Help-seeking

This section delves more into mental health concerns. Nothing gender-specific highlighted in this section, except for an extension activity to "Participate in a debate exploring the theme of gender and help-seeking, in response to the statement: 'Males are more likely to seek help than females.'"

Topic 7: Gender and identity

This is where the "meat" of the course starts to come in. The content of this section occupies 20 pages, and it is not possible to see it being completed in one lesson.

This section is all about questioning gender norms about how boys and girls dress, behave, careers they are expected to do, etc. It also delves a little into gender minorities, etc.

Very positive to see statistics presented to the students such as:

  • "Are males or females more likely to die as a result of injury? Males. Deaths from injury are three times as high among males as among females (36 and 12 per 100,000 respectively). Why do you think there are gender differences in this health issue? How might gender norms and expectations influence this pattern?"

There's also this one:

  • "What proportion of young females aged 16–24 has experienced a mental health disorder? 30% What proportion of young males aged 16–24 has experienced a mental health disorder? 23%"

I'm not sure if this is self-reported data. The source is cited but rather old - data from 2007.

Then there's this one:

  • "Are young males or young females aged 16–24 more likely to experience an anxiety disorder? Females are more likely to experience anxiety disorders (22%) than males (9%). Are young males or young females aged 16–24 more likely to experience a substance abuse disorder? Males are more likely to experience substance use disorders (16%) than females (10%). Why do you think there are gender differences in this health issue? How might gender norms and expectations influence this pattern?"

They also give the male/female stats on drug and alcohol use, and road fatalities. It's interesting, but understandable, that they don't give suicide figures.

There's also a subsection on power and privilege. Gender (always men over women) is one power/privilege dynamic discussed.

Topic 8: Positive gender relations

This section also occupies about 20 pages. Combined, Topics 7 and 8 occupy about half of the Topic content.

We see a few obligatory statements along the lines of "Gender-based violence can affect anyone (including men, women, intersex and trans people)."

But we also see the reveal of the underlying theory - gender-based discrimination results in gendered violence. And guess who gender-based discrimination affects?

"Explain that around in [sic] Australia (and around the world) women tend to experience more gender-based discrimination than men. However, some men also experience gender-based discrimination, especially those who do not conform to gender norms."

On pp. 88-90, students are presented with 5 scenarios, 3 of which have female victims, 1 a FTM trans victim, and 1 a male victim. In every scenario except the one involving the trans victim, the bullies are male. (Interestingly, other males are portrayed positively in the trans scenario.)

There's a subsection looking critically at pornography to see if it is violent.

On p. 94, we get 8 scenarios on peer responses to gender based harassment. In 6 of these, the bullies are male. In 1, the gender of the bullies is mysteriously absent - they are merely "students" calling a girl a slut. Once again, girls are only specifically bullies in the one scenario involving a trans victim. Boys are never abused by girls.

Don't get me wrong, boys should call out others for bullying people with homophobic slurs, for example. But when there's no effort towards gender balance...

Finally, on p. 101, we get 6 scenarios of situations where seeking help might be needed. 4 out of 6 scenarios have a male as the abuser/potential abuser, including older age abusers. The only two scenarios with girls as antagonists involve same-age peers cruelly outing their gay classmates. Overall, 3 of the victims are boys, but they are never victimised by girls.

Again, it's good that they also portray boys as victims here, but the lack of female bullying (which is hugely prevalent in schools) is odd. This is not a general anti-bullying curriculum, but then we don't have a mandatory one of those, as far as I know.

Conclusions

While there's some good content in here that would benefit boys' well-being by teaching emotional literacy and resilience, these materials are clearly tacked onto the underlying script of "gender-based discrimination leads to violence against women and girls", which dominates the learning sequence. Almost no effort is made to acknowledge male victims of domestic violence or represent women/girls as being capable of victimising men/boys.

If people want, I'm happy to perform this analysis on some of the other year level materials.

EDIT: I did not set an image for this post but for some reason I got a grey bin?