Crosspost from r/MaleRapeVictims (updated with a few extra sources)


A growing body of research indicates that women rape men at similar rates as the reverse. While this might be surprising, the evidence for this comes from several different sources. There are even surveys that ask people, "have you ever forced someone to have sex with you against their will", and 43.6% to 48% of people who say yes, are women.

According to CDC and BJS numbers, the percentage of females rapists is at least 41.6% (39.6% being female-on-male rape and 2% being female-on-female rape). And some years actually put this number over 50%. It is true that there are more men who rape men than there are women who rape women (10.4% vs 2% of cases), so overall there are slightly more male rapists than there are female rapists. But the percentage of men who are raped, both by other men, and by women, is surprisingly high. In particular, the most recent CDC data indicates that an equal number of men are raped every year compared to women, and that 79.2% of men who are raped, are raped by women.

The harm that men experience is also comparable to what women experience. While few people deny the harm associated with male-on-female rape and male-on-male rape, there are prominent detractors who deny the harm associated with female-on-male rape. Female-on-male rape looks very similar to male-on-female rape by most key metrics. Men are harmed at similar rates, both emotionally, and physically (8% of men and 12% of women experience injuries). Women are equally likely to use a weapon to force their victim to have sex with them. And most other "tactics" that rapists use, from date rape, to coercion, occur at roughly the same frequency.

One particular form of coercion is unique to female-on-male sexual assault though. Which is the threat that if their victims don't comply, they will turn around and acuse them of rape or domestic abuse. There is an obvious bias where people believe women more than they do men, and in at least one small study, several victims reported this behavior form their rapists.

‘She said “what are you gonna do? I’ll start screaming rape and you’re up in court tomorrow, do you think they’ll believe anything you’ve got to say?’’'

Men who are raped can also be forced to pay child support, which is pretty crazy if you think about it. I have a lot of sympathy for women who become pregnant after being raped, but there are several options available to them when they are put into that situation (abortion, adoption, safe haven laws, etc). Men really have no options though. And worse still is the fact that in many jurisdictions, men can't even legally prosecute their rapists, due to how rape laws are commonly defined.

Anyway, here are a few sources on the topic. There are more out there, and more studies are being published every year. But hopefully this can provide a good starting point for anyone doing research on this topic. While my interest is mainly academic, I hope that this information can also provide some kind of solace for male rape victims. Their experiences are not rare, and they do matter.

Note: There are least two organizations run by men's activists that specialize in supporting male sexual abuse victims:

https://malesurvivor.org

https://1in6.org

They specialize in both male-on-male sexual assault and female-on-male sexual assault.

Other resources that are commonly used by women have been reported to be less than friendly towards men (especially when their rapist is female). RAINN in particular runs a popular sexual assault helpline, and while they seems to mean well, many of their volunteers are inexperienced and men have received less than positive reactions from them in the past.

Men are raped by women at similar rates as the reverse

A good meta-study

Stemple, L., Flores, A., & Meyer, I. H. (2017). Sexual victimization perpetrated by women: Federal data reveal surprising prevalence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 34, 302-311.  Available from: http://webshare.law.ucla.edu/Faculty/bibs/stemple/Stemple-SexualVictimizationPerpetratedFinal.pdf

Some pop science articles

Stemple, L., & Meyer, I. H. (2017). Sexual victimization by women is more common than previously known. Scientific American.  Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sexual-victimization-by-women-is-more-common-than-previously-known/
Young, Cathy. (2014, September 17). The CDC's Rape Numbers Are Misleading. Time. Available online at: https://time.com/3393442/cdc-rape-numbers/
Rosin, Hanna. (2014, Arpil 29). When Men Are Raped: A new study reveals that men are often the victims of sexual assault, and women are often the perpetrators. SLATE. Available from: https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/04/male-rape-in-america-a-new-study-reveals-that-men-are-sexually-assaulted-almost-as-often-as-women.html

43.6% to 48% of self-reported perpetrators are women

Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2013). Prevalence rates of male and female sexual violence perpetrators in a national sample of adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(12), 1125–1134.
"2012 study using data from the U. S. Census Bureau’s nationally representative National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions". Quoted in "The Understudied Female Sexual Predator". Available here: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-understudied-female-sexual-predator/503492/

In 2012, one out of three years recently analyzed by the CDC, more men were raped by women than the reverse

New CDC data again finds as many (if not more) male victims of female rapists than female victims of male rapists. CDC continues to ignore its own shocking findings. Recalculating The Gender War. https://recalculatingthegenderwar.tumblr.com/post/162336650896/new-cdc-data-again-finds-as-many-if-not-more

Men are less likely to view things like bad / unenjoyable sex, drunk sex, and capitulating to sex with a persistent person, as rape (which likely effects reporting and statistics on the topic)

Weiss, K. G. (2010). Male sexual victimization: Examining men’s experiences of rape and sexual assault. Men and Masculinities, 12(3), 275-298. [Abstract]: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1097184x08322632
Reed, R. A., Pamlanye, J. T., Truex, H. R., Murphy-Neilson, M. C., Kunaniec, K. P., Newins, A. R., & Wilson, L. C. (2019). Higher rates of unacknowledged rape among men: The role of rape myth acceptance. Psychology of Men & Masculinities. [Abstract]: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-39470-001

Men are 9 times less likely to report their assault compared to women (which also distorts reporting and statistics on the topic)

Toy Soldiers. "Forced to Penetrate Cases: Lived Experiences of Men". https://toysoldier.wordpress.com/2020/01/05/forced-to-penetrate-cases/
Weare, S. F. (2017). Forced-to-penetrate cases: Lived experiences of men-Baseline Research Findings.  The Law School, Lancaster University. Available from: https://wp.lancs.ac.uk/forced-to-penetrate-cases/files/2016/11/Project-Report-Final.pdf

Women receive a broad pass when it comes to sexual assault, especially sexual assault against young children, which distorts federal reporting and statistics on the topic

Denov, M. S. (2003). The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Journal of Sex Research, 40(3), 303-314. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14533025
Embry, R., & Lyons Jr, P. M. (2012). Sex-based sentencing: Sentencing discrepancies between male and female sex offenders. Feminist Criminology, 7(2), 146-162.  Available from: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/fc_sex-basedsentencingdiscrepanciesbetweenmaleandfemalesexoffenders_2012.pdf
"Forced-to-Penetrate" treated different from rape
Weare, S. F. (2017). Forced-to-penetrate cases: Lived experiences of men-Baseline Research Findings.  The Law School, Lancaster University. Available from: https://wp.lancs.ac.uk/forced-to-penetrate-cases/files/2016/11/Project-Report-Final.pdf
Weare, S. F. (2019). Experiences of men forced-to-penetrate women in the UK: Context, consequences, and engagement with the criminal justice system. The Law School, Lancaster University. Available from: http://wp.lancs.ac.uk/forced-to-penetrate-cases/
Weare, S. (2018). ‘Oh you're a guy, how could you be raped by a woman, that makes no sense’: towards a case for legally recognising and labelling ‘forced-to-penetrate’cases as rape. International Journal of Law in Context, 14(1), 110-131. [PDF]: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c40f/3f3dfeeaa75fed2c4ee01673f2fdfb06948f.pdf
Klee, Miles. (2018). WHY CAN’T THE MEDIA CALL A WOMAN RAPING A MAN WHAT IT IS? Mel Magazine. Available online at: https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/why-cant-the-media-call-a-woman-raping-a-man-what-it-is
Siobhan Weare, Lancaster University. (2017). Men forced to have sex with women aren't being properly recognised by the law -- legal expert. THE CONVERSATION.  Retrieved October 24, 2019, from http://theconversation.com/men-forced-to-have-sex-with-women-arent-being-properly-recognised-by-the-law-legal-expert-81638
Rumney, P. N. (2007). In defence of gender neutrality within rape. Seattle J. Soc. Just., 6, 481.  Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/14750/1/RumneySJSJ.pdf

Criticism of definitions given by the CDC

Stemple, L., & Meyer, I. H. (2014). The sexual victimization of men in America: New data challenge old assumptions. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), e19-e26. Available from: [HTML] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4062022/#!po=0.877193

Rape laws defined in such a way that women tend to get off the hook, and not counted in government statistics

Sexual Offences Act 2003, c. 42.  Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/1
US Department of Justice. Attorney general Eric Holder announces revisions to the uniform crime report’s definition of rape. 2012. Available at: http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/attorney-general-eric-holder-announces-revisions-to-the-uniform-crime-reports-definition-of-rape. Accessed September 28, 2012.

Many US states and many countries around the world have gendered sexual assault laws, usually defined in terms of penetration.

Not all is great in the world of men: a reference book of men's issues. Section 3.4, "Rape laws excluding male victims". https://www.reddit.com/r/rbomi/wiki/main
Male rape victims forced to pay child support
Muller, R. (2019). When Male Rape Victims Are Accountable for Child Support. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/talking-about-trauma/201902/when-male-rape-victims-are-accountable-child-support
S.F. v. STATE EX REL. T.M. (1996) [Summary]: http://al.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19961122_0042048.AL.htm/qx
ALIA BEARD RAU. (2014). "Statutory rape victim forced to pay child support". USA Today. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/02/statutory-rape-victim-child-support/14953965/
Role of feminism
Stemple, L., & Meyer, I. H. (2014). The sexual victimization of men in America: New data challenge old assumptions. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), e19-e26. Available from: [HTML] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4062022/#!po=0.877193
Berger, R. J., Searles, P., & Neuman, W. L. (1988). The dimensions of rape reform legislation. Law & Soc'y Rev., 22, 329.
Feminism: Legal Aspects. (n.d). In Law Library - American Law and Legal Information. Retrieved November 11, 2019, https://law.jrank.org/pages/1222/Feminism-Legal-Aspects-second-wave-critique-rape-law.html
TNN. (2013). Activists join chorus against gender neutral rape laws. The Times of India. Available at: https://timesofindia.com/india/Activists-join-chorus-against-gender-neutral-rape-laws/articleshow/18840879.cms

Prominent feminist Mary Koss admits to purposeful redefinition of rape to emphasize female victimization and exclude male victims

Koss, Mary P. (1993). Detectin the Scope of Rape: A Review of Prevalence Research Methods. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 8, No. 2, 198-222. Available at: http://boysmeneducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Koss-1993-Detecting-the-Scope-of-Rape-a-review-of-prevalence-research-methods-see-p.-206-last-paragraph.pdf
See also: /u/ignatiusloyola. (2012). A large collection of links (not meta, just putting this here for storage). /r/MensRightsMeta. Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/MensRightsMeta/comments/s7slj/a_large_collection_of_links_not_meta_just_putting/