A reminder about the Duluth Model.

problem_redditor · 2021-09-05T17:44:38+00:00

Also remember that feminists are employing a shit ton of intellectual dishonesty when they level arguments against Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) surveys showing gender symmetry.

If ever you need arguments against a feminist trying to attack the CTS, this is a good blog post which exposes the flaws and dishonesty inherent in feminist critiques of CTS studies.

https://linearthinker.wordpress.com/2010/10/26/weighing-in-on-the-domestic-violence-debate-a-response-to-david-manboobz-futrelle/

Most studies on domestic violence generally use the Conflict Tactics Scale, which is a testament to the fact that it is the instrument of choice for the majority of domestic violence researchers.

A common quote that feminists constantly trot out in their ideological zeal to discredit CTS studies claim that it “equates a woman pushing a man in self-defense to a man pushing a woman down the stairs. It labels a mother as violent if she defends her daughter from the father’s sexual molestation."

Most critics of the CTS claim that CTS studies showing parity do not take into account context, claiming that men are more likely to use violence to control their partner, and women are more likely to strike in self-defence, and that the CTS does not take this into account.

However, as the blog post I linked demonstrates, many studies using the CTS do indeed take that into account, so the criticism is misleading at best and an actual lie at worst.

Many feminists try to brandish Johnson's work on intimate terrorism to show that men are the majority of "intimate terrorists" in order to prove their claim that CTS studies do not properly capture context and that men are more likely to be violent and abusive for the purposes of control, whereas women are more likely to perpetrate "violent resistance".

The issue with Johnson is that a lot of what he has written on the topic is actual shit masquerading as research, and studies conducted by people other than Johnson have found gender symmetry in intimate terrorism.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237230405_Using_Johnson's_domestic_violence_typology_to_classify_men_and_women_in_a_non-selected_sample

This study criticises the research that Johnson has used to support his theory that intimate terrorism is primarily male-on-female: "Research that Johnson has cited to support his theory has used samples that includes either known female victims of male violence (Johnson, 1999; Graham-Kevan & Archer, 2003b) or samples drawn from crime surveys of women’s victimization using only women's reports (Johnson & Leone, 2005). These methodologies do not allow conclusion to be drawn regarding men's or women's role in IT and SCV as the populations sampled are likely to contain highly victimized women and violent men, but unlikely to equally represent highly victimized men and violent women."

And what the study itself found was that women were significantly more likely to perpetrate physical aggression.

Not only that, but the authors also note that: "Contrary to expectations we find that women are as equally likely to be classed as IT as are men. Surprisingly VIT is predominantly male, with twice as many men being classed as VIT than would be expected with a random distribution. SCV, VR, and MVC were found to be relatively similar in men and women, which in the case of VR was not predicted."

"[C]ontrary to Johnson’s predictions, it was found that the IT and VR groups contained similar proportions of men and women and that nonviolent victims, i.e. those who do not use any physical aggression towards an IT were twice as likely to be men than women."

Abbreviations: IT = Intimate Terrorist VIT = Victims of Intimate Terrorism SCV = Situational Couple Violence VR = Violent Resistance MVC = Mutual Violent Control

Other studies have also found that women are equally as likely to be intimate terrorists as men.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-013-9560-7

"Analysis of 13,877 university student dating relationships found a similar percent of male and female “Intimate Terrorists.""

"Twenty four percent of male and 31.2 % of female students reported perpetrating an act of physical violence against a partner in the past 12 months. There was no significant difference in the mean number of violent incidents reported by men and women. These findings are consistent with previous studies of university students reporting annual prevalence rates of 20 to 40 % and similar or higher rates of assault by women[.]"

"Among those who reported perpetrating PV, 20 % of the men and 26.3 % of the women were high in coercive control. Thus, a slightly larger percent of women than men were classified as Controlling Violent (i.e., Johnson’s “Intimate Terrorist”). Because of the possibility of underreporting their own violent behavior, we also examined what the participants reported for their partners. Twenty-seven percent of female participants reported their male partners were Controlling Violent, and 25 % of male participants reported their female partners were Controlling Violent. Consistent with Hypothesis 1, these percentages are similar to those obtained using the participant’s report of their own behavior, and the Controlling Violent (the cell of the typology in Fig. 1 that corresponds with Johnson’s Intimate Terrorist) was not significantly different by gender."

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ab.21499

"Contrary to the male control theory, women were found to be more physically aggressive to their partners than men were, and the reverse pattern was found for aggression to same‐sex non‐intimates. ... Using Johnson's typology, women were more likely than men to be classed as “intimate terrorists,” which was counter to earlier findings. Overall, these results do not support the male control theory of IPV. Instead, they fit the view that IPV does not have a special etiology, and is better studied within the context of other forms of aggression."

Of those who reported that they had perpetrated physical IPV, "7% of men and 11% of women were categorized as “intimate terrorists,” that is, they were using controlling aggression against their partner in the absence (or infrequent use) of controlling behavior from these partners. Consistent with this, 13% of men and 8% of women were categorized as showing “violent resistance,” that is, they were physically aggressive to their controlling partner in the absence of controlling behavior themselves."

I have more studies showing parity in intimate terrorism perpetration that would make this comment too long - this topic warrants a post. And again, if you can't access these studies, I'd recommend https://sci-hub.se.

Once feminists have been embarrassingly refuted on all these counts, then their final attempt to dodge the reality of gender symmetry is to try and move the goalposts to injury and death in a fairly pathetic attempt to move the conversation in any direction which will highlight any aspect of domestic violence which they think affects women worse. Because of course they do. Even then, however, there is data indicating injury is not as starkly gendered as people seem to think, as u/Oncefa2 demonstrates here.

https://www.reddit.com/r/LeftWingMaleAdvocates/comments/f604hw/some_sources_on_the_severity_of_domestic_violence/

TheLWMA · 2021-09-05T17:20:43+00:00

The Duluth Model is the feminist kryptonite.

peanutbutterjams · 2021-09-05T23:59:45+00:00

What strikes me is that none of this seems to be acknowledging psychological and emotional abuse, both of which can do incredible harm to someone's mental health and can have life-long effects.

I should say psychological and mental abuse outside of that inflicted by physical abuse since the latter often carries elements of the former types of abuse.

However, it feels like we haven't how harmful emotional abuse can be, both between two adult partners and also when it's inflicted by a parent upon their child.

Has there been any studies on these types of abuse?

If so, is there a link between emotional abuse and retaliatory physical abuse, or a cycle of each?

DerButtMeister · 2021-09-05T17:33:19+00:00

Thank you for pointing this out. It's hard to argue against within therapy circles so I appreciate this quote immensely

helloiseeyou2020 · 2021-09-05T22:34:43+00:00

Wait, Pence herself has renounced the Duluth Model? This is VERY new information to me

Fast-Mongoose-4989 · 2021-09-06T04:16:35+00:00

I can't access any of the information I was able to download something from the other reddit user sub but most of there links our gone

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