(Edit: some people say they can't see the connection between the title and the OP. If so, please PM me and I'll try to clarify more. Also, if you DO see how the title connects to the body of the text, please let me know.)

Don't confuse your caveman ancestors with farmers who lived 5,000 years ago. I mean people with no agriculture, no organized religion that we know of, no personal ownership of land, no fixed permanent area called "home".

I'm not saying we know for sure what paleolithic people were exactly like. But there is excellent reason to suppose they were very unlike farming peoples.

Even today, the difference in sexual attitudes between farmers and non-farmers is really striking. Opposition to gay marriage correlates extremely closely to how agricultural a region is. Interestingly enough, this holds true even for people who just live in agricultural regions. An accountant living in cornfield country is vastly more likely to support Trump than an accountant living in a city.

And this pattern of agricultural people being hostile to new, liberal attitudes is replicated all over the world. In the Muslim world, it's the rural areas with the most regressive attitudes towards alcohol, while in the big cities and among the nomadic peoples tolerance of alcohol consumption is far higher.

Literally all civilizations begin from farming. Without a big food surplus, you can't rise up to the level of having paved roads. If the farmers = intolerance pattern continues to hold true, it seems likely that the dawn on agriculture also brought a dawn of sexual intolerance which had not previously been the norm.

It's almost impossible to have a written history without an agriculture-based society, so literally all our written history sources come from faming societies.

And because all of the written histories seem to describe patriarchal societies with rigid gender roles, people frequently make the incorrect assumption that surely all human societies since we evolved were patriarchal with rigid gender roles.

We know this is untrue because we have seen hunter-gatherer societies where men and women are equal in all important respects.

Farming cultures prefer rigid top-down hierarchies. After the French Revolution, who rebelled against the new pro-democracy Paris government? The dirt-poor peasantry of the rural Vendee region. What did they want? To be ruled by a king! They fought and died to not have a say in their own rule.

In almost every country it's the same: the people who want to relax social restrictions live in cities, and the people who want to keep old restrictions live in the areas where food is cultivated.

We don't know much about the societies of the Paleolithic, but we know certain facts:

They were not farmers.

Non-farming people consistently show a marked tendency towards liberalism.

My hypothesis is this: in the ancient world of which we have written accounts, 95% of people were farmers.

This usually means a rigid hierarchy is the rule. Children must obey the mother, the mother must obey the husband, the husband must obey the village elders, the village elders must obey the local lord, the lord must obey the king. If anyone breaks the chain of command, they are punished with harsh violence.

But this does not describe the experience of all people who lived in history. Outside the various kingdoms, in the great forests and jungles, lived nomadic peoples who didn't live in strict hierarchy, but rather lived a democratic life, where issues are discussed openly around the campfire and voted on.

If you think these nomads all felt "a woman must always submit to her husband, right or wrong" my only question is: how are you so sure?